SURVIVAL RELATED FACTORS IN GASTRECTOMY SPECIMENS. A STUDY OF 65 CASES IN DUHOK CITY - IRAQ
Keywords:
Gastrectomy, Iraq, Survival Related Factors
Abstract
https://doi.org/10.31386/dmj.2021.15.1.6
Background: Gastric cancer is one of the commonest malignancies and one of the most common causes of cancer deaths worldwide. This study aims to investigate the survival-related factors in gastrectomy specimens.
Method: This is a cross-sectional retrospective study that included 65 gastrectomy specimens in Duhok City-Iraq over a period of 6 years from January 2014- November 2019.
The parameters sought included age, gender, histological type, grade, lymph node status, tumor size, resection margin status, and lymphovascular and perineural invasions. Patients were grouped for their ages with an interval of 10 years and pathological parameters were expressed in frequencies and percentages.
Results: The male to female ratio was 1.1:1, and the most affected age group was between 60-69 years. The intestinal type adenocarcinoma represented 64.61% of cases, and the remainders were of the diffuse type. The resection margins were tumor-free in 78.5% of cases, and 80% had a lymphovascular invasion. Perineural invasion was seen in 35.38% of the included patients. Only 16.92% of patients were negative for lymph node involvement, and the nodal status was N0: 16.9%, N1:58.5%, N2: 18.5%, and N3:6.1%, and 66.15% of them fell in T3 category. The majority of patients had more than 4 adverse survival-related factors.
Conclusion: The present study showed that most of gastric carcinoma patients had multiple bad prognostic factors a fact that mostly correlated to their late presentation and a finding that indicates the gloomy outcome for patients at least in the near foreseen future unless a screening program is rapidly initiated.
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References
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2. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015; 136: 359-367.
3. Qiu MZ, Cai MY, Zhang DS, Wang ZQ, Wang DS, Li YH. Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic analysis of Lauren classification in gastric adenocarcinoma in China. J Transl Med. 2013; 11:58.
4. Chou HH, Kuo CJ, Hsu JT, Chen TH, Lin CJ, Tseng JH. Clinicopathologic study of node-negative advanced gastric cancer and analysis of factors predicting its recurrence and prognosis. Am J Surg. 2013; 205:623–30.
5. Lagergren J, Bergström R, Lindgren A, Nyrén O. The role of tobacco, snuff and alcohol use in the aetiology of cancer of the oesophagus and gastric cardia. Int J Cancer. 2000;85:340–6.
6. Carr JS, Zafar SF, Saba N, Khuri FR, El-Rayes BF. Risk factors for rising incidence of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2013; 44:143–51.
7. Itaimi A, Baraket O, Triki W, Ayed K, Bouchouch S. Prognostic factors affecting survival and recurrence in gastric carcinoma. Cancer Rep Rev. 2018; Volume 2(6)
8. Cuschieri A, Weeden S, Fielding J, Bancewicz J, Craven J, Joypaul V, et al. Patient survival after D1 and D2 resections for gastric cancer: longterm results of the MRC randomized surgical trial. Surgical Co-operative Group. Br J Cancer. 1999; 79:1522–30.
9. Cunningham D, Allum WH, Stenning SP, Thompson JN, Van de Velde CJ, Nicolson M, et al; MAGIC Trial Participants. Perioperative chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006; 355:11–20.
10. Alshehri A, Alanezi H, Kim BS. Prognosis factors of advanced gastric cancer according to sex and age. World Journal of Clinical Cases. 2020; 6;8(9): 1608.
11. Kim HW, Kim JH, Lim BJ, Kim H, Kim H, Park JJ. Sex disparity in gastric cancer: female sex is a poor prognostic factor for advanced gastric cancer. Annals of surgical oncology. 2016; 1; 23(13):4344-51.
12. Yaprak G, Tataroglu D, Dogan B, Pekyurek M. Prognostic factors for survival in patients with gastric cancer: Single-centre experience. Northern Clinics of Istanbul. 2020; 7(2): 146.
13. Zhang J, Zhou Y, Jiang K, Shen Z, Ye Y, Wang S. Evaluation of the seventh AJCC TNM staging system for gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Tumour Biol. 2014; 35:8525–32.
14. Gunderson LL. Gastric cancer-patterns of relapse after surgical resection. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2002; 12:150–61.
15. Yokota T, Ishiyama S, Saito T, Teshima S, Narushima Y, Murata K. Lymph node metastasis as a significant prognostic factor in gastric cancer: a multiple logistic regression analysis. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. 2004; 39(4):380-4.
16. Petrelli F, Berenato R, Turati L, Mennitto A, Steccanella F, Caporale M. Prognostic value of diffuse versus intestinal histotype in patients with gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of gastrointestinal oncology. 2017; 8(1): 148.
17. Hwang JE, Hong JY, Kim JE, Shim HJ, Bae WK, Hwang EC. Prognostic significance of the concomitant existence of lymphovascular and perineural invasion in locally advanced gastric cancer patients who underwent curative gastrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Japanese journal of clinical oncology. 2015; 45(6): 541-6.
18. Deng J, You Q, Gao Y, Yu Q, Zhao P, Zheng Y. Prognostic value of perineural invasion in gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one. 2014; 9(2): e88907.
19. Hou Y, Wang X, Chen J. Prognostic significance of metastatic lymph node ratio: the lymph node ratio could be a prognostic indicator for patients with gastric cancer. World journal of surgical oncology. 2018; 16(1):198.
20. Zeraati H, Amiri Z. Estimating postoperative survival of gastric cancer patients and factors affecting it in Iran: Based on a TNM-7 Staging System. Acta Med Iran. 2016; 54(2): 114-8.
21. Lu J, Chen Y, Liu Y, Ding J, Piao Z, Liu W. Clinical significance of prognostic score based on age, tumor size, and grade in gastric cancer after gastrectomy. Cancer management and research. 2018; 10:4279.
22. Ohe H, Lee WY, Hong SW, Chang YG, Lee B. Prognostic value of the distance of proximal resection margin in patients who have undergone curative gastric cancer surgery. World journal of surgical oncology. 2014; 12(1): 296.
23. MD WCPD, Zheng R, Baade PD. Cancer statistics in China, 2015 [J]. Ca A Cancer J Clinicians. 2016; 66(2): 115–32.
24. Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, Fritz AG, Greene FL, Trotti A, editors. AJCC Cancer staging manual. 7th ed. New York: Springer; 2010.
25. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J, Michael J. Cancer statistics, 2009[J]. Ca A Cancer J Clinicians. 2009; 59(4): 225–49.
26. Al-Saleh K, El-Sherify M, Bedair A, Nazmy N, Elbasmi A, Hussein A. Clinicopathological Criteria and Prognostic Factors in Gastric Adenocarcinoma in Kuwait. Journal of Global Oncology. 2018; 4(4_suppl_2).
27. Karimi P, Islami F, Anandasabapathy S, Freedman ND, Kamangar F. Gastric cancer: descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, screening, and prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014; 23: 700-713.
28. Okuchukwu EH, Olayiwola OA. Epidemiology and clinic opathological characteristics of gastric cancer--the Nigerian setting in view. Niger J Med. 2015; 24:71-80.
29. Darwish H, Sakr A, Basaam W, Ghorab A. 10 years Experience in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer: A Single Egyptian Cancer Center (NEMROCK). Pan Arab Journal of Oncology. 2016; 9(3).
30. Lee HJ, Yang HK, Ahn YO. Gastric cancer in Korea. Gastric Cancer. 2002; 5: 177–182.
31. Yang L. Incidence and mortality of gastric cancer in China. World J Gastroenterol. 2006; 12(1): 17-20.
32. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J, Murray T. Cancer Statistics. Cancer J Clin. 2008. 2008; 58;71-96.
33. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) and Australasian Association of Cancer Registries (AACR) 2001. Cancer survival in Australia, 2001. Part 1: National summary statistics. AIHW cat. no. CAN 13. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (Cancer Series No. 18), pages 20-23.
34. Cabebe EC, Mehta VK. Gastric cancer. Updated December 7, 2010 Available at http: // emedicine. medscape.com/article/278744-overview. Acessed on January 16, 2011.
35. Cancer Statistics for the UK. Stomach cancer-UK incidence. Updated June 10, 2010. Available at http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/ cancerstats/ incidence. Accessed on January 16, 2011.
36. Canyilmaz E, Soydemir G, Serdar L, Uslu GH, Sahbaz A, Colak F. Evaluation of prognostic factors and survival results in gastric carcinoma: single center experience from Northeast Turkey. International journal of clinical and experimental medicine. 2014; 7(9):2656.
37. Siewert JR, Böttcher K, Stein HJ. Relevant prognostic factors in gastric cancer: ten-year results of the German gastric cancer study. [J]. Ann Surg. 1998; 228(4):449–61.
38. Wu CW, Hsieh MC, Lo SS, Tsay SH, Lui WY, P'eng FK. Relation of number of positive lymph nodes to the prognosis of patients with primary gastric adenocarcinoma[J]. Gut. 1996; 38(4):525–7.
39. Yokota T, Kunii Y, Teshima S, Yamada Y, Saito T, Takahashi M. Significant prognostic factors in patients with early gastric cancer. [J]. Int Surg. 2000; 85(4): 286–90.
40. Chu X, Yang ZF. Impact on survival of the number of lymph nodes resected in patients with lymph node-negative gastric cancer [J]. World J Surg Oncol. 2015; 13(1): 1–8.
Published
2021-04-27
How to Cite
RASHEED MOHAMMED, M., & HANI RAZIQ, A. (2021). SURVIVAL RELATED FACTORS IN GASTRECTOMY SPECIMENS. A STUDY OF 65 CASES IN DUHOK CITY - IRAQ. Duhok Medical Journal, 15(1), 58-68. Retrieved from http://dmj.uod.ac/index.php/dmj/article/view/147
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