Socio-Demographic, Maternal Medical Factors And Behavioral Patterns Of Autistic Children In Duhok City

Kurdeen Abdulfattah Ali; Perjan Hashim Taha

Kurdeen Abdulfattah Ali Duhok Polytechnic university
Perjan Hashim Taha Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder, DSM-5 criteria, Socio-demographic factors

Abstract

https://doi.org/10.31386/dmj.2025.19.1.10

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of ASD is increasing worldwide, and diagnoses are often delayed, especially in settings with limited resources. Early detection and intervention are hampered by behavioral issues, medical risk factors, and sociodemographic disparities. In order to enhance screening and support services, this study seeks to examine to the behavioral patterns, medical risk factors, and sociodemographic traits linked to ASD.

Materials and Methods: 207 children with ASD participated in this cross-sectional study in Duhok city, which ran from September to December 2024. Convenient non-random sampling was used to gather data through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire and standard scale of child behavior assessment instrument (CBAI).

Results: Important demographic, prenatal, and behavioral factors were highlighted in the study's analysis of autistic children. With a mean age of 5.18 years, the majority were male (76.33%), from urban areas (81.16%), and from nuclear families (72.46%). Consanguinity was reported in 41.06% of cases, and mental health issues during pregnancy were prevalent (48.79%). Postnatally, 34.30% had a family history of autism. The intricacies of behaviors associated with autism were reflected in behavioral challenges such as limited eye contact (28.99%), destructive tendencies (31.40%), attention issues, and distress from routine changes (39.13%).

Conclusion: The study highlights the impact of behavioral, maternal medical, and sociodemographic factors on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), suggesting that early detection, intervention strategies, and support services can improve the quality of life for ASD patients.

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