OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE AND METABOLIC RISK FACTORS IN PREDIABETES: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN DUHOK, IRAQ

DERYA ISMAIL AHMED; HIVI MOHAMMED MAHMOUD

DERYA ISMAIL AHMED Dept. of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Science/University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
HIVI MOHAMMED MAHMOUD Ass. professor, Dept. of Medical Chemistry, College of Medicine/University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Keywords: Prediabetes, Oxidative stress, 8-OHdG, Insulin resistance, Central obesity, DNA damage

Abstract

https://doi.org/10.31386/dmj.2025.19.2.10

Abstract

Background: Prediabetes, a precursor to type 2 diabetes mellitus, defined by glucose metabolism abnormalities resulting from insulin resistance and/or β-cell dysfunction. Recent interest has emerged in oxidative DNA damage as a potential contributor to metabolic dysregulation, particularly via 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of oxidative stress.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate serum levels of 8-OHdG in prediabetic individuals and explore its relationship with some metabolic risk factors in comparison to healthy individuals.

Methods: A case-control study was performed on 160 participants (80 prediabetic and sex and age matched 80 healthy individuals) at the Central Laboratory in Duhok, Iraq. Clinical and biochemical assessments included BMI, fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum 8-OHdG levels. ELISA was used to quantify 8-OHdG. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS v25, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results: Individuals with prediabetes exhibited markedly elevated serum 8-OHdG levels (5.13±1.12 ng/ml) in comparison to healthy controls (3.66±1.02 ng/ml, p<0.01), along with elevated FBS, HbA1c, insulin, and HOMA-IR. No significant gender disparities in 8-OHdG levels were found. Higher levels of 8-OHdG were noted in Prediabetics with increased BMI, central obesity, and insulin resistance. A similar trend was seen in healthy individuals, but the differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion: The study highlights a significant association between oxidative DNA damage and prediabetes, particularly in overweight, centrally obese, and insulin-resistant individuals. These findings indicate that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in early glucose metabolism disturbances and could be a potential target for early intervention strategies.

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